Underachievers Essays - Educational Psychology,

Underachievers This paper addresses the issue of how a negative self concept can effect achievement of gifted students. it specifically focuses on the effect of academic achievement, discusses what it means to be both an underachiever and have a negative self concept, how to identify these students and what family and teachers can do about this. PAPER Many academically gifted children underachieve in school classrooms as a result of the fact that they do not know how to achieve higher a or they feel they cannot achieve a task that they are expected to be able to but find it too difficult. Underachievement is a pervasive problem which results in a tremendous waste of human potential among our most able students. In fact, in 1972 the U.S. Commissioner of Education estimated that 17.6% of gifted ( both academically and non-academically) students drop out of high school, and that percentage is probably even higher today. (Schnieder, 1997) and to add a New Zealand perspective, Moltzen (in McAlpine and Moltzen, 1996) suggest that 10-20% of students who do not graduate are gifted. These students hold a negative self concept of themselves as they have not received the support necessary to be able to work and achieve at their own level. There are many different contributing factors to the establishing of self concepts and how they effect gifted children. . This paper addresses how gifted children form negative self concepts of themselves and how can effect their achievement in an academic school setting. First it is necessary to provide the background knowledge and the definitions on areas that are to be discussed. For the purpose of this paper the definition of self concept is a persons view of self, in relation to their perception of feed back from others. This view occurs in both academic and non-academic areas. (Fox, 1993 in Rawlinson, 1996) To specifically focus on the academic area of self concepts which is being addressed in this paper , an academic self concept is a relatively stable set of attitudes and feelings reflecting self evaluation of ones ability to successfully perform basic school related tasks such as reading, writing, spelling and maths. (Boersma & Chapman,1992 in Rawlinson, 1996) Self concepts tend to be domain specific, meaning that pupils have different self concepts towards different areas of the curriculum (Schunk,1990) but to avoid complications throughout this paper all academic subjects will all be inclusive with each other. The definition of underachievement is not as straight forward as that of self concept as many people have different ideas on what it means to underachieve. Wellington and Wellington (1965) suggest that under achievers have a low level of aspiration. In its simplest form it can be defined as a unfulfilled potential (Moltzen in McAlpine and Moltzen, 1996) but neither of these definitions provide much capture the essence of underachievement in gifted children as they do not provide enough detail as to the difference between what they are achieving and what they could achieve. The definition of the purpose of this assignment is provided by Davis and Rimm( 1994 in Moltzen, 1996) who define underachievement as a discrepancy between the Childs school performance and some index of his or her actual ability such as intelligence, achievement, or creativity score or observational data. Because a gifted student underachieves it does not mean that they are failing in the school system. Gifted students are generally capable of performing at least two levels ahead of their age peers. If they are not identified as being gifted, they are seldom challenged to perform in accord with their potential. In fact, these capable students may be considered underachievers even when they get"good" grades.( Schneider, 1997) All children are natural learners and begin life with a drive to acquire knowledge, understand it and make use of it according to their abilities. Children do not begin school with the intention of seeking failure or frustrating their teachers. (Schnieder, 1997) And gifted children definitely do not go out to seek failure. How pupils use this newly found information that they have learnt and how teachers react to how they use this information or how well they achieve, contributes to the forming of self concepts. An individuals self concept is formed as a result of interactions and experiences with others and is learned and acquired over time. (Rawlinson, 1996) In reinforcement to the idea that self concepts are learned, Scheirer & Kraut (1979) suggest with specific reference to academia that a self concept is a product of interactive outcomes with ones academic environment with

AP Physics Extended Essay Sample - How to Use the Writing to Succeed in Your AP Exam

AP Physics Extended Essay Sample - How to Use the Writing to Succeed in Your AP ExamUsing physics extended essay sample topics is a great way to improve your grades on AP Physics. The topics provide a wealth of material that can be used to supplement the textbook. It is a useful way to learn how to structure an essay.To help you with your essay, there are other ways to study as well. You can use an AP-level essay writing software like FreeCell. Using FreeCell, you can build up an essay on topics that will work for AP Physics.AP Physics Extended Essay Sample is the perfect way to practice the skills and techniques that you will need to create a good, readable essay. This kind of material is exactly what you need to pass the AP exam. When you use the material found in an AP extension study book, you are going to come up with some great ideas that will help you when you sit for the exam.Using FreeCell to practice is a great way to help you become more familiar with the subject matter. I t also helps you to understand it better and make sense of the material. It is possible to run a FreeCell exercise with a topic from the AP Extended Essay Sample book to get some idea of how you will look in the real exam.When you begin working on your essay, it is important to write first thing in the morning and keep it simple. As you get better at it, you can move your reading time forward. But remember, the goal here is to write a strong introductory paragraph and then move onto the 'body' of the essay. Then you will want to continue to write and polish that piece before moving on to the conclusion.Writing a longer essay on AP Extended Essay Sample topics is not necessarily a difficult task. Remember that there are alot of different themes to choose from. You can use a variety of terms to make your essay easier to read and easier to understand.The AP Physics Extended Essay Sample books are written in a way that can be easily understood. The good news is that they do not use comp licated writing principles to present the material. They use concise and easy to understand language that will help you succeed.FreeCell provides a great introduction to writing essays and being familiar with AP Extended Essay Sample topics. Just imagine how different you will feel when you take your AP exam knowing that you have taken advantage of the reading materials. There are plenty of things to learn and AP Exam Review is a great resource for tips, tricks on how to master the AP exam.

John Donne and His Two Facet Poetry

John Donne and His Two Facet Poetry Introduction General Overview of John Donne’s Life and Poetry An English poet, priest and lawyer, John Donne is considered to be one of the most prominent representatives of metaphysical movement in poetry. Sensual and realistic style of his works is incorporated in his sonnets, sires, love poetry, epigrams, elegies, religions poems, and sermons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John Donne and His Two Facet Poetry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Donne’s style is also marked by various paradoxes, dislocations as well as abrupt opening, which indicates constantly changing patterns of the poet’s life (Clements 21). Along with these distinctive features, his works also combine dramatic speech rhythms, tough eloquence, and tense syntax that contract conventional smoothness of the Elizabethan poetry. In this respect, Donne’s works rigidly deviate from existing tradition; instead of historical an d methodological narratives, he made use of alternative genres to combine contrastive and ambivalent features, as presented in his two poetical works – The Flea and A Nocturnal Upon St. Lucy’s Day, Being the Shortest Day. One the one hand, both poems popularize the theme of love and acts celebrating sexuality that are expressed through metaphorical representation. One the other hand, Donne is toughly committed to religious themes unveiling the poets protest against established traditions claiming that it is better to carefully analyze one’s religions confessions before blindly following the commonly accepted rules. However, this obscurity and ambivalence presented in this works also explain the author’s metaphysical approaches to mediating and unusual techniques in rendering his thoughts. Main Discussion Seduction in Donne’s Poetry as an Act of Erotic Desire In his love poetry, Donne predominantly resorts to pastoral and metaphysical language rende ring concealed and implicit meanings. This particular style complements the overall mystery and ambiguity of lines as presented in Flee. The so-called cajolery technique allows the poet to compress erotic ideas in conceits seeking for darkness and uncertainty. In particular, the poem deals not with a love as a feeling, but with sexual and physical desires revealed in a premarital love-making. It is also possible to interpret the poem meaning as the sexual intercourse. Hence, Donne materializes love that absolutely contradicts all Elizabethan traditions in the seventeenth century. The main theme of The Flea is narrowed to a seduction poem, containing provocative thoughts as for that time. The speaker seeks after his mistress hopefully and zealously and compares their sexual intercourse with blood mingling: â€Å"Me it suck’d first, and now such thee, and in this flea our two blood mingled bee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Love Poems of John Donne 36). While seducing his mistress, the sp eaker assures her that there is nothing amoral in a premarital act of love-making as he sees no sense in waiting until they get marry.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is one of the themes that Donne popularizes – seizing the moment and putting anything aside because beauty can quickly fade away as time is irrecoverable: â€Å"Confesse it, this cannot be said/ A sinne, or shame, or losse of maidenhead,/ Yet this enjoyes before it wooe,/ And pamper’d swells with one blood made of two/ And this, alas, is more than wee would doe† (The Love Poems of John Donne 36). The final stroke of analysis can be complemented with symbolism and metaphors presented in the poem creating some carpe diem characteristics. The speaker identifies himself and his mistress with the sun uniting them in a ball where lovers can interact and correlate. Reminiscent techni ques are also applied to A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy’s Day, Being the Shortest Day to represent the celebration of love and sexual desire. Though the poem is more associated with death and somber motives, Donne still manages to imbue it with eroticism. Being a kind of epitaph, Donne presents would-be lovers and describes the chemistry which love has impacted on him; love that has managed to â€Å"express a quintessence even from nothingness,/from dull privations, and lean emptiness† (The Love Poems of John Donne 39). Despite obscurity of meaning displayed in stanzas, it is still possible to assume that the concept of love here is presented in spiritual or even romantic terms. The reader can still be left confused concerning poet’s attitude and understanding of love alchemy. Dual nature of representation can be discovered in the following stanzas: â€Å"†¦And love; all, all some properties invest;/If an ordinary nothing were, as shadow, a light and body must be here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Love Poems of John Donne 39). The ambivalent stanzas imply the speaker spiritual and physical commitment to his bellowed, even though metaphorical obscurity conceals the actual meaning. What is more vague representation also enables readers to provide two-polar interpretations of the verses. Juxtaposition and antagonistic trends presented in the poem also render the impetuous and passionate style of exposition. Existential and secular motifs as well as mundane context are closely associated with author’s desire to render the contrasts and routines of life. In order to make this routine more colorful and less ordinary, the author selects a multidimensional approach to describe this grief and suffer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John Donne and His Two Facet Poetry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Instead of mourning the death of the bellowed, he speaks of the lost moments of life a nd advises others to enjoy each moment of being in love. Despite negative connotations, Donne is still attached to his hedonistic views on the concept of life. Pleasure, joy, love should fill in the emptiness and when all these attributes are absent, a person also turns into nothing: †¦.I am a very dead thing, In whom love wrought new alchemy. Doe this art did express A quintessence even from nothingness, From dull privations, and lean emptiness; He ruined me, and I am re-begotAdvertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Of absence, darkness, death; things which are not (The Love Poems of John Donne 39). Donne inserts as much tenseness as possible into these lines to render a full variety of feelings he experiences. While applying to these techniques, the author expresses metaphysical representation of love and human relationships. Seduction in Donne’s Poetry as an Act of Religion Commitment As it has been mentioned previously, Donne can be considered one of the founders of the metaphysical conceit because he skillfully combines to different ideas into one single unity, which is often performed through the use of imagery. Contrasting and juxtaposing is revealed through representation two opposed themes that contradict each at a glance. In this respect, the poems under consideration embody a combination of spirituality and materialism, secularity and divine motifs, religion and romanticism. Indeed, his love poetry is saturated with theological motifs and symbolism. Hence, The Flea also incorpo rates the themes of love and religion as well as Donne’s divine meditation on the essence of life. Despite straight themes of sexuality and sexual desire, there are still symbols that refer to religious imagery. For instance, the line â€Å"Confesse it one blood made of two†¦Ã¢â‚¬  can mean either sex or pregnancy, or even a child and a mother; â€Å"cloysterd sacrilege, three sinnes in killing three†¦Ã¢â‚¬  can symbolize holy trinity as well as the words â€Å"three live in one flea† (The Love Poems of John Donne 36). Metaphor â€Å"blood of innocence† can be associated with Christ. In this respect, combining erotic and spiritual motifs can be seen as Donne’s interpretation of secular love through religious experience. The poet is extremely concerned with infidelity to religion that is behind sexuality and, therefore, most of religious elements are presented as subversive because they are subjected to human love. In this respect, The Flea s ubverts its explicit theme of seduction through its form and through reference to religious imagery. When Donne mentions â€Å"marriage bed, and marriage temple†, he, apparently, refers to the act of consummation that is religiously approved by the Bible. The chapters of the New Testament provide us with a religious vision on the concept of love, marriage, and sex. In particular, letters to Hebrews reveal: â€Å"Marriage is honourable in all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremonger and adulterers God will judge† (The King James Version, Heb. 13.4). The Bible also reflects on such sins as lust, which is also emphasized in Donne’s poetical works. Hence, in response to Donne’s The Flea, letters to Timothy say: â€Å"Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart† (The King James Version, 2 Tim. 2.22). Thessalonians chapters also emphasize the importance of being pure and fr ee from immorality: â€Å"No in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God† (The King James Version, Thes. 4.4). Considering Donne’s diving mediations in A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy’s Day, Being the Shortest Day, the concept of â€Å"nothingness† here is revealed through the notion of â€Å"chaos† that provides a certain connection with the biblical Chaos that preceded genesis: â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth; and the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (King James Version, Gen. 1.1-2). The chaos here is closely associated with emptiness and nothingness that existed before the creation of the world. Like love appears out of nothing, the world appeared in the same way. The concept of pure and spiritual love is also expressed through Lucy’s elevation to the rank of the Saints as if the speaker sees her afterlife in Heaven. Biblical themes are also concealed in Donne’s The Holy Sonnets where the poet provides his unconventional views on religion and spirituality. The approaches he uses to conceptualize God and the divine are often perceived as despairing and fearful. However, the failure to meet traditional views cannot be regarded as a sign of desolation and despair, but a belief that salvation and reconciliation can be found in God’s silence and his evident absence that heightens human sense of spiritual vitality. What is more, although Donne sees God as a â€Å"humanoid giant† that manipulates people’s life, the poet still demonstrates the unity of love toward God. Hence, Sonnet II demonstrates the author’s state of redemption and eternal love to the Lord: â€Å"(o god), first I was made by thee, and for thee, and when I was deca’de/ Thy blood bought that, the which before was thine† (The Holy Sonnets 5). Just like previous poems expressing obscurity and ambivalence of the poet’s feelings. This sonnet is also full vague expressions of love and religious commitment, though deviated from traditional positions. Discussing the Specifics of Themes and Styles in Donne’s Poetical Works  Metaphysical conceit According to Furniss and Bath, metaphysical conceit can be considered as a â€Å"dramatic use of intellectual ingenuity, irony, and paradox, and uses of figurative language in explicitly argumentative and pseudo-logical ways† (180). This definition closely related to techniques that Donne applied to his poetical works. Hence, in The Flea the poet speaks ironically of the importance of marriage and fidelity and conceals the speaker’s actual attempt to seduce his mistress. Metaphysical conceits are also explicitly displayed in Donne’s A Nocturnal upon St. Lucys Day. Religious and existential associations, philosophical reflection on the sense of life, and importance of love are expressed through abstract notions a nd similes. For instance, Donne associates summer with new life and pleasure, the time when people should get the most: â€Å"You lovers, for whose sake the lesser sun/ At this time to the Goat is run/ To fetch new lust, and give it you, Enjoy your summer all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Love Poems of John Donne 39). Similar conceits are also present in other passages that bear the same poetical purpose. Using Paradoxes and Vibrancy of Language to Express Donne’s Deep Emotional State and Appetite for Life Comparison of religion and romanticism is one of the salient paradoxes presented in Donne’s poetry. Juxtaposing the erotic and the spiritual is closely associated with the poet attempts to reconcile his desires with his outlook on religion and on the divine that sufficiently deviate from the traditionally established ones. In fact, abrupt openings, dislocations, tough rhythms, and contrastive language are used to render’ Donne’s changing trends in life as well as his deep emotional state and appetite for life. These trends can also be perceived while reading the poems under analysis. For instance, obscurity and uncertainty presented in The Flea explains Donne’s ironical outlook on love and lust as well as the way it is connected with the traditional religious view on these concepts. Similarly, hedonistic and gothic undercurrent also reflects Donne’s searching for the truth and the veritable feelings and emotions. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be states that John Donne’s love and religious poetry presents a dual existential and metaphysical view on the concepts of the spiritual and the erotic. He makes use of specific techniques and alternative genres to compare and contrast ambivalent feature, as depicted in his poetical works, specifically in The Flea and A Nocturnal Upon St. Lucy’s Day, Being the Shortest Day. Juxtaposing the themes of love and eroticism to religious commitment unveils Donne’s search ing for the essence of life. Such an explanation justifies the poet’s obscurity and usage of irony and paradoxes mostly in all his works. Hence, sensuality and realism, abrupt openings, and tense comparisons, vibrancy of langue reflect author’s desire to express his actual vision of life. Special attention should also be given to prompt usage of metaphors that saturate each line of his poetic works. In addition, author’s attempt to encapsulate a single idea about love and religion makes reader believe that these two concepts can harmonically co-exist. His poetry is an honorable proof of that. Clements, Arthur. L. Poetry of Contemplation: John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, and the modern period. US: SUNY Press, 1990. Print. Donne, John. The Holy Sonnets. Ed. Gary A. Sringer. US: Indiana University Press. 2005. Print. Donne, John. The Love Poems of John Donne. Boston MA: Digireads.com Publishing, 2009. Print. Furniss, Tom and Michael Bath. Reading Poetry: An Introduction. London: Pearson Education, 2007. Print. The King James Version. New Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print.

Pacific Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pacific Systems - Case Study Example Pacific System Corporation aims at diversifying its scoop of operation by venturing into a new business line, DVD business. However, the business has troubles determining the most ideal supplier for it products. Pacific System Corporation’s management has managed to come up with four suppliers that it find ideal for this new business line. However, one of the four suppliers is to be selected and the process of selection should be quantitatively supported. However, as much as the business wishes to venture into the DVD industry, it is bound to experience hostile reception into the industry due to the stiff competition. Moreover, the industry is prone to counterfeiting by various website operators. The DVD industry group has however filed a case against these operators so as to counter this illegal activity. Pacific System Corporation is a medium sized high technology company. PSC is located in San Francisco. During the company’s early years of operation, it specialized in production of subsystems for personal computers and engineering firms. However, in the year 2000, the company diversified its scoop of operation by adding an engineering workstation to its product offering. Over the years, the company has undergone a transition from being a single product manufacturer to a multi-product manufacturer. Moreover, the company’s growth did not stop at that. The company expanded its business in the computer industry since it forecasted a steady growth in the consumer industry since due to the steady but slow economic growth. The company indulged in outsourcing of DVD drives for that matter. Decision to outsource DVD Drives was arrived at based on the market study that the manufacturing cost of these products in-house was highly prohibitive. Pacific System Corporation need to critically analyze and quantify its purchase needs. Local sourcing is the most ideal sourcing strategy for pacific System

International Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Relations - Assignment Example Study of international relationship also pertains to finding amicable means towards the resolution of the problems faced through diplomatic engagement of the parties (Wilkinson 2007). Realism is based on the mindset of military might, war hysteria and aiming to gain maximum ground against the rivals. The military empowerment and use of force as a means to protecting oneself makes up for the main idea of realism. In practical scenario, the Cold war era depicted the realism in terms of international relationship. In the light of realism, the countries aimed at establishing their influence by providing military and other forms of assistance that was directed towards a less safe world. Liberalism on the other hand does not stress for hardcore usage and empowering oneself with the state of the art military equipment and arsenal, instead it advocates the presence of intergovernmental organizations such as United Nations and other associated entities. The NATO and other economic entities established for purpose of economic corporation make up for liberalism model. Economic prosperity and Mutual Corporation is sought as an alternate to realism. Liberalism aims at finding hope for mutual co existence. A state is characterized by number of factors. These are total of four factors. These factors include presence of territory with fix defined boundary. The second variable of state is that of population. A specific amount of people is a necessary factor for a group of people to be declared a state. The third factor is presence of government within that would be administered over the people and internal affairs. The fourth basic element of a state is it should be able to engage itself in relationship and exchange of views, dialogue with the foreign world. This comes in the form of recognition of the global community. The recognition may be done

Curriculum Development Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Curriculum Development - Coursework Example In short, the state of flux that our world experiences is not confined to any one particular sector. As such, it is not with any sense of shock or concern that it is admitted that the very same forces which provide such a radical level of change within the other sectors that have thus far been discussed work together to effect a high level of change on the way in which education is administered and curriculum is generated within the current model. Accordingly, this brief analysis will consider the means by which education and curriculum Naturally when one raises the issue of the key ways in which education and the associated curriculum that goes along with it, the issue of changes in funding and the impact that the global financial crisis and other potential reductions in the future may potentially have become issues of primary importance. As has been seen, the global effect of the economic crisis has seen nearly every state within the world system seek to cut costs and find ways in which to balance budgets that are oftentimes already in the red ink. As such, education is oftentimes the â€Å"low lying fruit† which is robbed, delayed, or outright ignored as a means of addressing other key concerns that legislatures have at any given point in time (Virtue et al 2009). As such, this reactionary response to education and the funding that provides the mainstay of its efforts is both shortsighted and counterproductive in the long term. The ebb and flow of budgets and the cash flow of a given economic system is a perennial construct of the current world system; however, reacting in such a way and seeking to cut funding to education in order to balance budgets or seek to meet a certain benchmark is as short sighted as it is willfully ignorant. Although it has been stated ad infinitum, expense and investment in education is indeed an investment in the future. As such, cutting short on such an investment will certainly translate to a reduced yield on such an inve stment in the future. Running alongside the cost equation is the fact that extraordinarily rapidly changing technology has raised the cost of education far beyond what it was only a few brief years ago (Marshall 2011). This has occurred for a number of reasons. Firstly, the technology that educators require in order to present the material to their classrooms is seemingly continually antiquated and requires constant upfit to keep it within the current generation. Secondly, extra expense is also required in order to teach emergent technologies and courses to students in the form of extra electives. Likewise, all of these factors compound the force an ever increasing number of textbooks, course material, and educator’s resources to be updated, reprinted, and re-approached at an ever faster pace. The costs notwithstanding, such a necessity puts a severe strain on both the educator and the student as the pace and scope of the education seemingly becomes more and more frenetic eac h and every year (Fahey 2012). As a way to minimize this eventuality, this brief analysis will consider some of the ways that educators can attempt to approach these issues without chasing after the newest technology to get the point across or seeking to rapidly and/or incessantly alter the curriculum in order to engage the students with the most cutting edge ideas and trends in

Essays --

This essay will assess research into the impact of globalization on inflation and discuss whether it has weekend the ability of central banks to control the dynamics of inflation. The ability of central banks to control the rates of inflation may be substantially complicated by the increased globalization of the goods markets, factor markets and the financial markets (Woodford, 2007). The ability of national banks to influence the dynamics of inflation through monetary policy may be undermined by globalization. The central bank’s primary goal is to maintain price stability by regulating the level of inflation through monetary policy. Globalization increases trade both within and across countries (Schwerhoff & Sy, 2013). Through communicating their policy intentions regarding the future short-term interest rates, central banks can affect also the current longer-term rates (Tang, 2011). The new consensus (DSGE) Model incorporates four components, the output gap equation, the Phillip’s curve, the exchange rate equation and the Policy Rule (Woodford, 2007). The policy rule incorporates the Taylor rule which stipulates the amount a central bank should change the nominal interest rates in response to changes in inflation, output or other economic conditions. It also incorporates the idea of the inconsistent trinity, (sovereign monetary policy, fixed exchange rate and free capital flow) where only two of these can be possible at any given time. The impact of globalization on the effectiveness of monetary policy is now at the center of international macroeconomics literature with the recent experience of inflation accelerating the large number of industrial and emerging market countries (Ãâ€"zatay & Ãâ€"zmen, 2008). They support the idea tha... ...lely on their domestic economy (The Economist, 2005). Even though this may suggest that globalization has been able to combat the nature of inflation mistakes by central banks could allow it to break out again. (The Economist, 2005). This is partly due to the fact that a number of central banks make their decisions based on the actions of other central banks such as the Federal Reserve in the US (Rogoff, 2006). An example of this would be with number of Asian and oil producing countries will stabilize their currencies against the US dollar, which implies that the policies enacted by the Fed can still have an impact on global interest rates. (Fisher, 2006) Suggests that central banks should be conditioned on changes in foreign potential output and questions why, for instance, the output gap is calculated without taking into account the Chinese and Indian economies.